武夷山风景名胜区景观格局演变与驱动机制     

游巍斌  何东进  黄德华  洪伟  詹仕华  巫丽芸  覃德华  陈炳容  俞建安  蒋鑫 《山地学报》2011,29(6)

在运用3S技术对世界自然文化和文化遗产地——武夷山风景名胜区进行景观生态分类的基础上,比较分析了风景区1986、1997、2009年三个关键时期的景观要素、空间格局及其演变规律,揭示了武夷山风景名胜区不同发展阶段景观格局变化特征,进一步探讨了导致格局演变的驱动机制.结果表明:①近23年来,风景区茶园、建设用地大面积持续增加,马尾松林、农田、裸地大面积减少;②1986-1997年,马尾松向茶园、农田向建设用地、杉木林向茶园转移面积居前三位,分别为294.80 hm2、176.73 hm2、152.68 hm2;茶园面积增加量最大(增加了577.93hm2),建设用地次之(增加了358.73 hm2),杉木林面积减少量最多(减少了431.87 hm2),农田次之(减少了248.01hm2);此阶段茶园只为输入景观,风景区景观变幅大,受人为干扰特别显著.③1997-2009年,杉木林向茶园、农田向茶园、灌草层向马尾松林转移面积居前三位,分别为280.82 hm2、96.65 hm2、76.15 hm2;此期间茶园增加面积最多(增加了360.81 hm2),农田面积减少最多(减少了318.87 hm2);该阶段景观变化幅度较1986-1997年减小,人为干扰有所减弱.④23年来不同景观类型特征及其变化各异,主要表现为农田破碎度增加,建设用地趋于规则化,茶园受到干扰显著,河流景观形状最为复杂且受干扰小;景观多样性程度提高,景观类型空间分布呈均匀化趋势.⑤自然环境的制约作用、经济利益驱动下的生产行为模式转变、人口和旅游发展带来的开发建设、政策法规和管理的导向作用等是武夷山风景名胜区景观格局演变的主要驱动原因.  相似文献   

兰州区域数字地震遥测台网常用近震定位程序的定位效果分析          下载免费PDF全文

党红  郝臻  李春玲 《地震工程学报》2005,27(3):284-286

对兰州台网2002年1月1日至2002年10月31日网内、网缘共100次2.0≤ML≤4.3以上地震事件的Hypo81、Genetic、NearLoc三种定位程序的定位结果作了研究分析,结果表明:NearLoc程序的定位效果明显优于其它两种定位程序,其使用范围广,对网内、网缘以及网外1 000 km以内的地震都有较好的定位效果。  相似文献   

Meteorological drought analysis using data-driven models for the Lakes District,Turkey     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6):1114-1124

Abstract

Droughts may be classified as meteorological, hydrological or agricultural. When meteorological drought appears in a region, agricultural and hydrological droughts follow. In this study, the standardized precipitation index (SPI) was applied for meteorological drought analysis at nine stations located around the Lakes District, Turkey. Analyses were performed on 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-month-long data sets. The SPI drought classifications were modelled by Adaptive Neural-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Fuzzy Logic, which has the advantage that, in contrast to most of the time series modelling techniques, it does not require the model structure to be known a priori. Comparison of the observed values and the modelling results shows a better agreement with SPI-12 and ANFIS models than with fuzzy logic models.  相似文献   

Long-term variations in orographic rainfall: analysis and implications for upland catchments     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2):276-291

Abstract

Climatic changes could alter the frequency and magnitude of rainfall events and the distribution of rainfall with altitude, with important consequences for management of aquatic ecosystems, water resources and flood risk. This study investigates changes in observed rainfall amounts across a range of altitudes in the Lake District region, northwest England, and spatial and temporal changes to the orographic “rainshadow” effect. Between the 1970s and 1990s there have been marked changes to the seasonality of precipitation, such that winters have become wetter, and increasingly dominated by heavy precipitation events. The intensity of these events has increased most markedly at higherelevation sites. Such changes could hinder recovery of sensitive upland sites from acidification and increase the risk of downstream flooding. An inter-decadal weakening of the region's rainshadow suggests a greater proportion of winter precipitation crosses the high-elevation Lake District dome. This is linked to changes in the frequency and character of wet weather patterns.  相似文献   

Modelling the impacts of civil war on land use and land cover change within Kono District,Sierra Leone: a socio-geospatial approach     

Sigismond A. Wilson 《国际地球制图》2013,28(6):476-501

Capturing the scope and trajectory of changes in land use and land cover (LULC) is critical to urban and regional planning, natural resource sustainability and the overall information needs of policy makers. Studies on LULC change are generally conducted within peaceful environments and seldom incorporate areas that are politically volatile. Consequently, the role of civil conflict on LULC change remains elusive. Using a dense time stack of Landsat Thematic Mapper images and a hybrid classification approach, this study analysed LULC changes in Kono District between 1986–1991, 1991–2002 and 2002–2007 with the overarching goal of elucidating deviations from typical changes in LULC caused by Sierra Leone's civil war (1991–2002). Informed by social survey and secondary data, this study engaged the drivers that facilitated LULC changes during war and non-war periods in a series of spatial regression models in exploring the interface between civil conflict and LULC change.  相似文献   

基于TM影像的面向对象地表覆被信息提取     

翁中银  何政伟  范娟  叶娇珑 《地理空间信息》2013,11(1):37-39,12

为验证基于TM影像的面向对象分类方法对复杂地区地表覆被信息提取的可行性,以地处西南地区的渝北为例进行实验。利用样本数据对各个波段的光谱特征进行分析,取得对各波段覆被探测能力的初步认识;基于光谱特征的多尺度分割,运用面向对象分类方法对其分类。面向对象的分类方法总精度和Kappa系数分别为88.42%和0.854 7,将其与监督、非监督分类结果对比分析。结果表明,该方法有效抑制了"椒盐"现象,取得较好的分类结果。  相似文献   

基于地理国情普查的兰州新区城市人居环境分析     

胡晓娟 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(4)

兰州新区自2012年8月被确定为国家级新区之后便开始了大规模的城市建设。本文从绿地/水面覆盖情况、道路通行能力、公园服务能力、居住适宜性分析等方面,基于地理国情普查数据,对兰州新区建成区内的城市人居环境建设效果进行了分析与评价。  相似文献   

基于地理国情监测的金普新区综合交通分析方法研究     

齐润冰 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,40(5)

针对交通状况对城市发展的影响日益重要的现状,本文从城乡交通网络覆盖情况和交通可达性两个角度,对金普新区的综合交通状况进行了客观、定量的分析,为了解金普新区的交通现状、居民出行的便捷程度,以及制订新区制度发展规划提供了可靠的分析结果。  相似文献   

昆明南市区建筑工地软土工程地质问题     

LI Qin  黄成 《云南地质》2008,27(1):86-90

昆明南市区软土分布普遍。对广福路高速公路、彝族明珠城和杨家地小区的工程地质条件调研中,分析钻孔及静力触探资料,针对不同软土地基,提出相应的处理方案。  相似文献   

河北雄安新区建设的区域地表本底特征与生态管控     

匡文慧  杨天荣  颜凤芹 《地理学报》2017,72(6):947-959

河北雄安新区建设对于实施京津冀协同发展战略及有机疏解北京非首都功能、优化区域空间格局,提升京津冀城市群生态系统服务和改善人居环境具有重要意义。本文基于多期遥感图像、土地利用/覆盖变化数据、生态系统服务评估数据以及高精度城市地表信息等专题数据集,从雄安新区建设涉及的京津冀城市群区域背景和规划区覆盖范围两个层面揭示了新区建设的区域地表本底状态,并提出了相应的生态保护与管控建议。结论表明：京津冀城市群正呈现建设用地快速扩张以及由此导致的下垫面不透水地表高密度连绵集聚式态势,城镇用地和城市不透水地表较2000年分别增长了1.27倍和1.43倍,且接近15%的子流域水生态系统健康状况受到不透水地表的严重影响。雄安新区建设涉及的雄县、容城、安新三县以农田、乡镇及农村聚落和水域及湿地生态系统为主,其开发建设应围绕实现疏解北京非首都功能为目标,适度控制人口、产业规模,建设宜居生态健康城市。规划初期,应将其纳入国家海绵城市建设试点范畴,参照国际低影响度开发模式,加强城市绿色基础设施建设。基于当前下垫面特征,前期规划应考虑构建新区与保定、北京和天津城市之间的绿化生态斑块和生态廊道;新区内建设用地不透水地表整体比例应控制在60%之内,核心区不超过70%。新区建设过程中需确立“以水定城”理念,在新区基础设施建设、供排水方面充分考虑雨水收集和循环利用。  相似文献